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Vegetable oil extraction machine
Basic Principles of Vegetable Oil Extraction Machines
1. Basic principle: Apply the principle of solid-liquid extraction, select an organic solvent that can dissolve oil, and spray and soak the material to extract the oil in the oil.
2. The basic process of the vegetable oil extraction machine; soak the oil seed suitable for extraction in the selected solvent, dissolve the oil in the solvent, and form a mixed oil. The mixed oil uses the difference in boiling point of the oil and the solvent to evaporate, strip, The solvent is vaporized and separated from the oil, the solvent vapor enters the condenser through the pipeline, and is recovered and recycled, and the separated vegetable oil enters the refining workshop for further processing.
3. The characteristics of vegetable oil extraction machine oil production method;
Advantages: (1) High oil yield, low residual oil in meal (2) Good quality of meal (3) Easy to form large-scale production (4) Low power consumption
Disadvantages: (1) Because the solvent used is flammable and explosive, it is dangerous to a certain extent (2) The quality of the leached crude oil is poor and contains certain solvents, so it cannot be eaten directly, and it needs to be refined before it can be eaten.
4. The chemical and physical properties of the solvent; (1) Color, non-ferrous and transparent (2) Odor, pungent (3) Specific gravity 0.6724kg/l (4) Molecular test; g3 (5) Iodine value; 4.2
5. The safety of solvents;
(1) The solvent is a kind of flammable and explosive liquid. When it is mixed with air to a certain concentration of 1.26-4.9mg/l, it will explode when it encounters an open flame. When its concentration is higher than 30-50mg/l, it will directly May cause death on contact. the
(2) Its flash point is between negative 22-28 degrees, and its ignition point is around 260-280 degrees.
(3) When the temperature of Mars is as high as 233 degrees or the object is heated to 233 degrees, it is most likely to burn
(4) When the steam pressure is higher than 0.8mpa, the maximum temperature is 220 degrees
(5) The specific gravity of solvent pressure and air is 2.79:1, and it is most likely to gather at the bottom
(6) Toxicity, harmful to the human nervous system, continuous inhalation will cause dizziness, headache, vomiting, loss of consciousness The concentration in the workplace should be less than 0.3%
6. Vegetable oil extraction machine process requirements for solvents;
(1) It has a greater solubility in oil, so that a higher oil yield and high-quality meal can be obtained.
(2) Stable chemical properties, no decomposition and polymerization reactions during transportation, storage and production, and no corrosion to equipment
(3) It is easy to separate from oil, easy to recycle, and can be volatilized and separated from oil at a lower temperature, with a stable and suitable boiling point.
(4) Good safety performance, no matter the gas or liquid is harmless to the human body, no bad smell, no flammable and explosive hazards.
(5) The source is wide and the price is cheap.
7. Theoretical mechanism of vegetable oil extraction machine technology;
(1) There are diffusion processes; 1. Molecular diffusion 2. Convective diffusion
(2) The vegetable oil extraction machine is a solid-liquid extraction, which uses the oil in the oil and the selected solvent to transfer the oil from the solid phase to the liquid phase. The driving force of the transfer process is mainly the two phases. Concentration difference, this mass transfer is accomplished by means of molecular diffusion and convective diffusion
(3) Molecular diffusion is the process of material transfer by a single molecule.
(4) Convective diffusion is that the oil in the solvent is transferred in the form of a single volume. The solvent first wets the outer surface of the material embryo, and at the same time dissolves the free oil on the surface of the material embryo, and secondly, the solvent penetrates into the interior of the material embryo after soaking, dissolving The grease inside the material, this part of the grease is called combined grease.
8. Factors affecting the effect of vegetable oil extraction machines;
(1) The influence of the structure of the embryo. The immersion material should be properly pre-treated to destroy its internal and external cell tissues, and it should have appropriate plasticity, so as to facilitate molecular diffusion and convective diffusion, and obtain a better leaching effect.
(2) The influence of moisture on the material embryo. The moisture content of the immersion material should be moderately low. If the moisture content is too high, the solvent will have a greater impact on the dissolution of oil. If the moisture content is too low, it will affect the structural strength of the material itself, which is also not conducive to leaching.
9. The process operation affects the effect of the vegetable oil extraction machine;
(1) The temperature of the vegetable oil extraction machine has a great influence on the leaching. High temperature can increase molecular kinetic energy, accelerate molecular motion, and promote diffusion. Too high temperature is not good, and it is easy to cause solvent vaporization, which can reduce the viscosity of oil and solvent and reduce diffusion resistance.
(2) The height of the material layer is generally controlled at about 80%. When the structural strength of the material is high, the leached material layer can be appropriately higher, which can improve the utilization rate of the equipment, high production and low consumption, and allow more materials to be in contact with the solvent. , to improve the leaching effect, if the material layer is too high, the lower material will be crushed by strong extrusion, increasing the powder degree of the material, thus affecting the permeability of the material.
(3) The ratio of the concentration of the mixed oil to the solvent; as the leaching progresses, the concentration of the mixed oil becomes higher and higher, the oil molecules continue to diffuse from the inside of the material to the outside, the concentration difference between the outside and the inside of the material gradually decreases, and the leaching rate Gradually decrease, the mixed oil try to get higher and higher, its viscosity phase will increase, and will also reduce the leaching effect, the concentration of mixed oil is generally controlled at 1 to 1.5 times the oil content of the material, and the amount of solvent used is 0.8 according to the processing volume. ~1:1.
(4) Leaching time; generally, the longer the leaching time, the better, and the lower the residual oil of the meal. In order to increase the production capacity, the leaching time is limited, generally controlled at about 60-120 minutes, depending on the model of the extractor or It depends on the output.
(5) Drip-drying time and wet meal soluble content; the less soluble the wet meal contains during production, the better. Prolong the drip-drying time as much as possible, which can reduce the residual oil in the meal, reduce the workload of evaporation, and save steam consumption. At the same time, Shorten the leaching time, improve production capacity, and reduce solvent consumption. Generally, the soluble content of wet meal is 25-30%, the draining time is 15-20 minutes, and the moisture content of wet meal is 10-12%.
(6) The flow of the solvent and the miscella, the flow of the solvent and the material is opposite and countercurrent, so that the concentration of the miscella is getting lower and lower, and the residual oil of the meal will be relatively low. The flow velocity between them has a certain influence on the leaching, speeding up the flow velocity of the solvent or mixed oil makes it strengthen the effect of convection and diffusion.
DTDC basic principle of vegetable oil extraction machine
1. The purpose of vegetable oil extraction machine wet meal desolventization: remove the residual solvent in the wet meal as completely as possible, and adjust the various indicators of the meal accordingly, so that the quality of the meal out of the warehouse can meet the specified standards.
2. The basic principle of desolvation of vegetable oil extraction machine is to vaporize the solvent in the wet meal by means of heat energy obtained by heating, so as to separate from the meal. This process is essentially a process of transferring the solvent from the solid phase to the vapor phase.
3. The state of vegetable oil extraction machine solvent in the meal;
(1) The combined state is the solvent inside the wet meal cell and the solvent in the capillary of the wet meal. This kind of solvent is strongly combined with the wet meal and it is difficult to remove.
(2) In the unbound state, the solvent exists on the surface of the wet meal and the solvent in the pores is weakly combined with the wet meal, and it is easier to remove
4. The basic process of desolventization of vegetable oil extraction machine; at the beginning of desolventization, when the solvent is evaporated on the surface of the meal, the solvent that is not combined with the meal is mainly removed. This stage is the first stage of evaporation called pre-desolventization Dissolution section (constant velocity section) When the steam penetrates into the material and separates from the solvent in a bonded state with the meal, the second stage of evaporation is called the precipitation stage (speed-down stage). In order to strengthen the precipitation effect, in the precipitation, should Keep the material in a state of constant turning.
5. Process requirements for desolventization of vegetable oil extraction machines;
(1) The particle size of the wet meal should be appropriate; if it is too small, the powder will be large, and if it is too large, it will not be easy to evaporate.
(2) The solvent content of the wet meal should be low; it can reduce the workload of the desolventizer, and at the same time reduce the condensation area of the condenser accordingly, thereby reducing energy consumption.
(3) The material loading should be appropriate; the height of the material layer of the steamer should be lower, which is conducive to the evaporation of the material layer, but it will affect the output accordingly. The height of the high material level should be 1~1.5 meters.
(4) Control the decoction temperature; a higher temperature can shorten the decoction time, and the vapor phase temperature should be controlled between 70 and 75 degrees. The residual solvent in the low-humidity meal cannot be steamed completely, which affects the quality of the meal and the consumption is too high. The temperature of the high material layer should be between 110 and 115 degrees.
The pressure should not be too high to affect the quality of the meal.
(6) The turning of the meal is better; it is conducive to the full contact between the direct steam and the meal, and reduces the melting consumption.
(7) Guaranteed evaporation time; it takes 30-35 minutes for the solvent in the wet meal to basically reach the standard, and 40-45 minutes for the meal to be produced.
6. Factors affecting the precipitation effect of vegetable oil extraction machine;
(1) The nature of the wet meal; 1. The state of the solvent in the festered meal; 2. The particle size; 3. The moisture content of the wet meal
(2) The temperature of the wet meal;
(3) Solvent content of wet meal;
(4) The state of water vapor;
(5) The structure of the desolventizing equipment; 1. Material layer height 2. Stirring speed 3. Steam pore diameter of the direct layer
(6) Evaporation time; generally controlled at 40~45 minutes
Evaporation system for mixed oil of vegetable oil extraction machine
1. The principle of vegetable oil extraction machine mixed oil evaporation; using the different boiling points of oil and solvent, with the help of heating, most of the solvents in the mixed oil are separated in a boiling state, thereby obtaining a higher concentration of mixed oil.
2. The working principle of the evaporator of the vegetable oil extraction machine: under the action of the pump or negative pressure, the mixed oil enters the tubes at the lower part of the evaporator. Due to the action of the heating steam outside the tube, the mixed oil is heated here and then boils. After the solvent is rapidly vaporized, the volume expands and the density decreases sharply. A high-speed rising solvent vapor flow is formed in the tube. The unvaporized mixed oil is pushed to the surrounding walls of the tube by the rising solvent vapor flow, and is driven by the vapor flow to form a thin film. When the film rises, the mixed oil is heated faster and more solvent vapor is vaporized, thereby further accelerating the rising speed of the vapor-liquid mixture until it reaches the outlet of the evaporator. Due to the sudden increase of the space, the mixed oil forms mist, and the solvent in the mixed oil is further separated. When the volume of the solvent expands, the pressure in the separator decreases, which is more conducive to the sharing of solvent vapor. It leads to the condenser for recycling, while the thick mixed oil is separated from the lower part of the separator.
3. Factors affecting the evaporation effect of vegetable oil extraction machines;
(1) The state of the mixed oil; 1 The mixed oil contains 0.02% impurities; 2 The temperature of the mixed oil; 3 The concentration of the mixed oil
(2) The condition of water vapor;
(3) The liquid level of the mixed oil in the evaporator
(4) Equipment structure
4. The principle of negative pressure evaporation of vegetable oil extraction machine; the negative pressure evaporation of mixed oil is based on the fact that the boiling point of mixed oil decreases with the decrease of system pressure. Complete the process of miscella evaporation.
5. Process requirements for negative pressure evaporation of vegetable oil extraction machines;
(1) Correct selection of system negative pressure and heating medium
(2) Select the appropriate vacuum equipment
(3) Ensure the quality of steam
(4) Do a good job in the pipeline connection between negative pressure equipment
6. Process effect of negative pressure evaporation;
(1) Significant energy saving effect
(2) The quality of the mixed oil is good
(3) Small condensation area
(4) Low solvent consumption, conducive to safe production
Stripping of vegetable oil extraction machine mixed oil
1. The principle of vegetable oil extraction machine stripping; the boiling point of the mixed oil increases with the increase of the concentration. When the concentration is 90~95%, the boiling point under normal pressure is as high as 130 degrees, so the residual solvent in the mixed oil is difficult to remove , the side needs to use the method of steam stripping, steam stripping is steam distillation, when direct steam is passed into the mixed oil, the sum of the partial pressure of water vapor and the partial pressure of solvent vapor in the space above the liquid surface of the mixed oil is equal to the external When the pressure is high, the mixed oil will boil. At this time, the boiling point of the mixed oil is lower, so that the boiling point of the higher concentration will be greatly reduced, so that the solvent molecules will boil out of the solvent vapor at a lower temperature.
2. The working process of the stripping of the vegetable oil extraction machine; the thick mixed oil enters from the inlet pipe of the upper tower body, and first fills the overflow pan of the first set of discs. The liquid film flows downward, forming a liquid curtain from top to bottom. At the same time, the mixed gas composed of direct steam and solvent vapor travels from bottom to top, contacts with layers of liquid curtains in reverse, and flows into the second group after being carried by the annular disc. Push down one by one to strip the solvent in the mixed oil.
3. Factors affecting the stripping of vegetable oil extraction machines;
(1) Temperature and concentration of mixed oil
(2) The quality of water vapor
(3) Structure of equipment
Vegetable oil extraction machine solvent recovery
1. The principle of mixed steam recovery of vegetable oil extraction machine; heat exchange between mixed steam and cooling water to release latent heat and sensible heat, so as to obtain a lower temperature mixed liquid process. the
2. Vegetable oil extraction machine Mineral oil absorption process;
The tail gas from the final condenser enters the bottom of the absorption tower, and the gas passes through the packing layer in the tower and contacts the cold mineral oil sprayed from the top of the tower in reverse, most of the solvent gas in the tail gas is absorbed by the cold mineral oil, and the mineral after absorbing the solvent The oil mixture is collected at the bottom of the absorption tower, pumped into the heat and cold exchanger through the rich oil pump, and then heated to about 110 degrees by the rich oil, and then enters the desorption tower. The packing layer is in reverse contact, almost all the solvent in the rich oil is decomposed, and the obtained mixed gas enters the condenser to condense, and the unvaporized lean oil is pumped into the heat-cooling exchanger through the lean oil pump, then cooled by cooling water, and then enters the absorption At the top of the tower, the mineral oil can be recycled
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