.jpg)
.jpg)
.gif)
.gif)
Palm oil is a tropical woody vegetable oil. It is currently the vegetable oil variety with the largest production, consumption and international trade in the world. It is also called "the world's three major vegetable oils" together with soybean oil and rapeseed oil. It has more than 5,000 years of experience. food history.
Fresh palm fruit bunches are 100% of the total palm fruit bunches per unit, the proportion of empty fruit bunches (23%), palm fruit 65%), and the proportion of palm oil content in the whole palm fruit bunches (26%) palm kernel oil content (3.25%).
Crude oil production process and equipment of palm oil extraction machine
The traditional process uses steam fermentation, which is a mature technology. The disadvantage is that it produces a large amount of wastewater, which has a considerable impact on the environment.
The process of palm oil extraction machine mainly has the following sections.
The raw material storage section of the palm oil extraction machine: the fresh palm fruit is measured and recorded by the weighing room, and the fresh palm fruit bunch entering the factory is measured, and the measured palm fruit bunch is unloaded to the fruit loading slope and stored.
Sterilization section of palm oil extraction machine: Put the palm fruit bunches into a horizontal or vertical sterilizer and heat for 90 - 120 minutes.
The purpose of sterilization is to destroy the lipolytic enzyme so as to prevent the free fatty acid content in the oil from increasing;
High-temperature sterilization can make the fruit soft and easy for mechanical threshing;
Pretreatment of peels for subsequent processing;
Pre-condition the core to reduce kernel damage.
The process of sterilization:
After the palm fruit enters the sterilizer, close the sterilizer and close the door quickly, open the exhaust valve below the sterilizer, and then introduce saturated steam with a pressure of 3bar (temperature about 145°C), and close the tank after the cold air in the tank is basically discharged. The exhaust valve enters the cooking and sterilization stage, and the sterilization time is generally 90 to 120 minutes. After the sterilization is completed, close the steam inlet valve, open the valve leading to the muffler, and drain the water and steam in the tank before opening the door of the sterilization tank.
The threshing section of the palm oil extraction machine: the purpose of threshing is to separate the oil palm fruit from the fruit bunch through strong vibration, and the fruit threshing equipment is a drum thresher. The separated oil palm fruit is sent to the cooking tank through the conveyor. Empty fruit bunches are discharged from the other end of the drum to the storage yard, or transported to the factory area for recycling as palm orchard mulch, or burned on site as fertilizer and applied to the farmland.
Mashing and cooking of palm oil extraction machine: The purpose of mashing and cooking is to tear the skin of the fruit, separate the pulp from the core and mash the pulp tissue, while heating to make the pulp soft and destroy the cell structure of the pulp, which is beneficial to oil production. Separated from the pulp tissue.
The upper part of the crushing tank has a material inlet, and the lower part has a material outlet. Inside the tank is a central shaft equipped with many axial beating sticks, and the inner wall of the tank is equipped with multiple lining boards. The fruit particles are crushed under the impact of the stirring sticks and the collision of the lining boards. The smashing and cooking equipment is a cylindrical tank with a heating jacket. The jacket is heated by indirect steam, and there is a direct steam nozzle in the tank to adjust the moisture and temperature. Heat for 1 hour, so that the temperature of the whole blank reaches about 90°C-95°C. The purpose of heating is to destroy the emulsified state formed by oil and water in the fruit tissue, reduce the viscosity of the oil, and facilitate the flow and precipitation of oil.
The pressing section of the palm oil extraction machine: After the above steps, the palm fruit is sent to the screw oil press, and the oil palm fruit is divided into: oil, water, a mixture of solid impurities and cake (fiber and core).
A continuous screw press is used. It has a horizontal box with holes, which is in the shape of an 8-shaped cross. There are two screws inside. The core broken rate was adjusted within a reasonable range. Under the action of the screw pressure, the fat is separated from the pulp tissue. The fried cake is extruded from the machine head, containing the core (without breaking the palm kernel oil), and the liquid part flows out from the lower port, and is filtered and sent to the butterfly centrifuge. Crude palm oil is obtained, which is filtered and sent to a butterfly centrifuge to obtain crude palm oil. The oil palm fruit is divided into two parts after pressing: the mixture of oil, water and solid impurities; the oil yield of fiber and kernel is calculated according to the fresh fruit string of palm, 20% of crude palm oil and 2% of crude palm kernel oil.
Parameters of obtained crude palm oil: orange-red color, semi-liquid oil, surface density (50°C): 0.8896-0.8910, saponification value: (mgkoh/g oil) 190-202, iodine value (gz2/100g).
Crude oil purification section of palm oil extraction machine: This step is to obtain relatively pure palm crude oil. Machine-pressed crude oil generally contains 66% oil, 24% water, and 10% non-oil solids. The machine-pressed crude oil is first washed by sedimentation and filtration, and the fibers are separated from the oil. Continuous precipitation clarification is then carried out, and oil and sediment can be obtained. The oil separated by the centrifuge enters the vacuum drying. Store after drying. The sediment is subjected to secondary clarification treatment. After the oil sediment is filtered and the dirty oil is separated, the oil is subjected to secondary sedimentation, the dirty oil mixture is clarified and separated, the skimmed oil is subjected to secondary sedimentation, and the sewage is pumped into the sewage treatment tank for treatment.
The second treatment method: Crude palm oil is passed through a vibrating screening filter to remove coarse residues such as fibers and then flows into the tonized oil tank. There are indirect steam and direct steam in the tonized oil tank. tank, flowing steadily into the clarified oil tank. The clarified oil flows into the oil storage tank from the oil outlet of the clarified oil tank, and the water in the oil is removed by a disc separator. Finally, the clear oil is heated to 105°C by a plate heat exchanger, and the residual water in the oil is sucked out by a vacuum dryer. clean. The oil in the vacuum drying chamber is sucked by the shielded electric pump at the bottom, and then pumped to the storage oil tank.
The basic standards of crude palm oil entering the storage tank: the acid value is less than 5%, the moisture content is between 0.1% and 0.2%, and the impurities should be less than 0.02%. the
The fiber and core separation section of the palm oil extraction machine: the pressed cake is crushed by the screw conveyor and then enters the winnowing separation system. The separated fibers are sent to the boiler room as fuel. The cores are transported to the warehouse for temporary storage.
After the fiber cake residue falls into the crushed cake auger, the auger interrupts the blades to break up the cake residue. During the forward conveying process, the water vapor of the cake residue evaporates continuously, and finally falls into the fiber and nuclear separator. The suction system composed of centrifugal fan and air net transports the fiber air to the boiler room for combustion, and the brown core with a large specific gravity falls into the bucket elevator from the other section of the fiber and nuclear separator, and is transported to the nuclear seed tank , In the material tank, air blast can be carried out to further dry the wet core.
the
Sewage treatment section of palm oil extraction machine: The organic matter content in wastewater is very high, and the biochemical oxygen consumption BOD is about 25,000ppm, which needs to be treated before it can be discharged. Reservoir sewage treatment system is currently the most widely used and effective treatment method. This kind of processing system is economical, and only needs to provide enough space, and the investment cost is not large.
Storage of crude oil of palm oil extraction machine: During storage, after the vacuum drying section of the factory, the temperature of the oil is lowered to 45-50°C before entering the storage tank. After the oil is put into the tank, keep the temperature at a constant temperature of 55 degrees. You can also add some antioxidants to the oil to passivate trace metals to eliminate oxidation during the storage of oil.
Precautions during transportation and unloading: First, the coating of the tank is made of epoxy resin, and the cleaning of the tank should be checked before filling. Second, spray and cover with inert gas. Third, the oil is loaded without splashing. Fourth, keep the oil temperature at 32-40°C during shipping. Before loading, heat the oil to increase its temperature at a rate not exceeding 5°C every 24 hours. Fifth, the loading temperature of oil should not exceed 55°C.
WhatsApp :0086 13633717168
