Cottonseed contains gossypol, and high-moisture steaming or puffing is required in the pretreatment process to reduce the content of gossypol in the crude oil and improve the quality of the cottonseed oil. However, gossypol in cottonseed meal, crude oil and cake produced by traditional oil production methods contain gossypol, which affects the feed value of the cake. The cake needs to be detoxified before it can be used as feed. This process well solves the problem of detoxification of cottonseed meal.
Cottonseed contains 39-52% shell and 48-61% kernel. The shell contains 0.3-1% oil. Cottonseed contains 30-35% oil and 35-38% protein. Cottonseed contains 0.8-1.3% gossypol. The traditional cottonseed oil production process is pre-pressing extract method or pressing method. Since cottonseed has a high hull content and contains gossypol, it is necessary to peel off the hulls and use high-moisture steaming and frying in the pretreatment process to reduce the content of gossypol in cottonseed oil.
General oil making process of cottonseed oil processing machine:
Cottonseed→cleaning→hulling→kernel shell separation→expansion/steaming→pre-pressing→cake→extraction→crude oil
Explanation: A small amount of gossypol remaining in cottonseed crude oil can be removed during the deacidification process of oil alkali refining without affecting the quality of the final oil product. The protein content of dehulled cottonseed meal is 50-60%, and the quality of cottonseed protein is similar to that of soybean protein. However, due to the toxicity of residual gossypol in cottonseed meal, it cannot be directly used as feed. Special detoxification treatment. Therefore, in many areas, it has to be used as a fertilizer or as a feed for ruminants in limited quantities, resulting in a waste of protein resources.
This process adopts special extraction and extraction technology to solve the problem of cotton meal detoxification and obtain high-quality feed grade cotton meal.
Cleaning: Cotton seeds are separated by air and magnetic to remove impurities, and then evenly fed into the sheller by quantitative feeder.
Shelling: In the process of shelling, special attention should be paid to the uniform particle size of the cotton kernel after shelling, so as to reduce the powder degree of shelling. After the kernel shell is separated, it is required that the shell content in the kernel should not exceed 10%.
softening; the quality of the effect will directly affect the working state of the extraction process and the final
Quality of products. The mastery of its softening temperature, time and moisture is very important. The softening of cotton kernels generally uses a three-layer or four-layer vertical steamer. It is also possible to use an extruder for instant expansion, which is beneficial to the removal of gossypol in the subsequent process.
In the flaking process, the thickness of the flakes after flaking should not exceed 0.5mm, the flakes should be solid, and the powder degree should be small. The flakes must be dried, and then cold pressed by a press to form them.
Pressing: The pressing efficiency of the oil press and the stability of the equipment are the key to the oil pressing process. The oil press produced by our company has the characteristics of large output, low cake residue and good quality cake.
After pretreatment and cold pressing, the dual-solvent extraction material is transported to the extraction workshop, first leached with hexane in the first leacher to extract oil, and then sent to the second extraction and dephenolization with methanol. There is no need for any desolvation treatment in the middle. After twice extraction, the wet meal contains a large amount of solvent, so it needs to be desolventized twice. The first desolventization adopts special equipment for mechanical desolventization, and the second desolventization adopts special drying equipment for steam heating desolventization. The desolvated cottonseed meal is then cooled and crushed to become finished cottonseed meal.
Process:
Solvent Methanol
↓ ↓
Pre-pressed cake → extraction → wet meal → dephenolization → desolventization → drying → cooling → crushing → finished meal
↓ ↓
Mixed Oil Treatment Separation
↓ ↓
extraction crude oil recovery
The dual-solvent extraction technology comprehensively considers the overall utilization of cottonseed resources, and adopts a low-temperature treatment method in the pretreatment process of cottonseeds to avoid the thermal denaturation of proteins and the combination of amino acids in proteins and free gossypol as much as possible. In the choice of solvent, considering the versatility, source and price of the solvent, as well as the difficulty of extraction, separation and recovery of the two solvents, 6# solvent oil and methanol were selected. The step-by-step method is adopted in the extraction. First, No. 6 extraction light gasoline is used to extract the oil, and then methanol is used to extract the gossypol. The step-by-step extraction ensures the quality of the oil and the thorough removal of phenols. In the process of wet meal desolvation, lower temperature treatment is adopted to avoid thermal denaturation of protein and ensure the nutritional value of cottonseed meal. In addition, methanol can also remove aflatoxin produced in cottonseed during storage while dephenolizing. This technology uses special desolventizing equipment and dryers, which solves the problems of solvent separation and recovery, and minimizes solvent consumption.
The dual-solvent extraction technology completes the extraction of cottonseed oil and the removal of free gossypol during the production process, which not only ensures the production of high-quality cottonseed oil, but also produces high-quality cottonseed protein products with comprehensive nutrition, safety and non-toxicity.
The dual-solvent extraction technology has been widely used in the processing and production of cottonseed, and the liquid-liquid-solid dephenolized cottonseed protein for feeding and liquid-liquid-solid dephenolized protein material for dairy cows have been widely used in chickens, pigs and dairy cows throughout the country The feeding has achieved better economic benefits.
Double-solvent extraction produces a brand-new non-toxic feed, which is different from ordinary cottonseed meal and general detoxified cottonseed meal, because it is not just cottonseed meal with free gossypol removed, but a kind of amino acid balance, Feed protein with small protein denaturation, high nutritional value and good palatability.
Feeding with chickens and pigs has confirmed that cottonseed protein has high amino acid digestibility and utilization rate, feeding broiler chickens and pigs, chickens and pigs gain weight quickly; feeding layer hens has a high egg production rate. The control feeding experiment of dairy cows with dephenolized cottonseed meal and soybean meal showed that the milk yield of cows fed with dephenolized cottonseed meal was significantly higher than that of soybean meal, and it could improve the physical fitness of dairy cows and reduce the incidence of disease. However, this process also has the disadvantage of high solvent loss.
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